References — Sexy Tree methodology bibliography

All sources cited across the #SexyTrees protocol, methodology pages, and credit documentation.

Great science papers about #SexyTrees we love and think are super smart. UPDATED: May 23, 2026

Abulu, L., Gabay, A., & Hyolmo, S. L. (2024, September 26). Do Indigenous peoples really conserve 80% of the world's biodiversity? Mongabay. https://news.mongabay.com/2024/09/do-indigenous-peoples-really-conserve-80-of-the-worlds-biodiversity/

Agudelo-Hz, W.-J., Castillo-Barrera, N.-C., & Uriel, M.-G. (2023). Scenarios of land use and land cover change in the Colombian Amazon to evaluate alternative post-conflict pathways. Scientific Reports, 13, 2152. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-29243-2

Alcocer, I., Lima, H., Sugai, L. S. M., & Llusia, D. (2022). Acoustic indices as proxies for biodiversity: A meta-analysis. Biological Reviews, 97(6), 2209–2236. https://doi.org/10.1111/brv.12890

Alliance of Bioversity International and CIAT. (n.d.). CacaoDiversity: A decision-support tool for cacao agroforestry and seed sourcing. Retrieved Jun 28, 2026, from https://cacaodiversity.org/

Alliance of Bioversity International and CIAT. (n.d.). Diversity for Agroforestry: A decision-support tool for tree species selection in agroforestry systems. Retrieved Jun 28, 2026, from https://diversityforagroforestry.org/

Altieri, M. A., & Toledo, V. M. (2011). The agroecological revolution in Latin America: Rescuing nature, ensuring food sovereignty and empowering peasants. The Journal of Peasant Studies, 38(3), 587–612. https://doi.org/10.1080/03066150.2011.582947

Anderson, P. W. (1972). More is different: Broken symmetry and the nature of the hierarchical structure of science. Science, 177(4047), 393–396. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.177.4047.393

Bak, P., & Paczuski, M. (1993). Why nature is complex. Physics World, 6(12), 39–43. https://doi.org/10.1088/2058-7058/6/12/26

Baldwin, C. Y., & Clark, K. B. (2000). Design rules, Volume 1: The power of modularity. MIT Press. https://mitpress.mit.edu/9780262024662/design-rules/

Balmford, A., Keshav, S., Venmans, F., Coomes, D. A., Groom, B., Madhavapeddy, A., & Swinfield, T. (2023). Realizing the social value of impermanent carbon credits. Nature Climate Change, 13(11), 1172–1178. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-023-01815-0

Beesley, L., Moreno-Jiménez, E., Gomez-Eyles, J. L., et al. (2011). A review of biochars' potential role in the remediation, revegetation and restoration of contaminated soils. Environmental Pollution, 159(12), 3269–3282. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2011.07.023

Bélisle, A. C., Croteau, B., To, T. A., Couillard, J., Polson, G., & Langlois, V. S. (2026). Tracking terrestrial wildlife with environmental DNA: Methods designed by and for Indigenous organizations. Journal of Applied Ecology, 63, e70253. https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2664.70253

Berger, J. (2026, March). The most authoritative review of business & biodiversity to date tells us what a good measurement of biodiversity is and which measurement approaches are valid for which use cases [Post]. LinkedIn. https://www.linkedin.com/posts/joshuaberger_ipbes-2026-business-biodiversity-measurement

Berger, J. (2025, June 5). What are the most effective—and scalable—technologies to measure biodiversity? [Post]. LinkedIn. https://www.linkedin.com/feed/update/urn:li:activity:7336648140877430785/

Bernardini, A. E., Bertolami, O., & Francisco, F. (2025). Chaotic behaviour of the Earth System in the Anthropocene. Evolving Earth, 3, 100060. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eve.2025.100060

Bezerra, J., Arroyo-Rodríguez, V., Arasa-Gisbert, R., & Meave, J. (2024). Multiscale effects of slash-and-burn agriculture across the tropics: Implications for the sustainability of an ancestral agroecosystem. Sustainability, 16(22), 9994. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16229994

Biodiversidad en América Latina y el Caribe. (2018). La chagra, un sistema ancestral de conexión con la tierra. https://www.biodiversidadla.org/Articulos/La-chagra-un-sistema-ancestral-de-conexion-con-la-tierra

Boogaard, B. (2021). Epistemic injustice in agricultural development: Critical reflections on a livestock development project in rural Mozambique. Knowledge Management for Development Journal, 16, 28–54. https://www.km4djournal.org/index.php/km4dj/article/view/498

Bruijnzeel, L. A. (2004). Hydrological functions of tropical forests: Not seeing the soil for the trees? Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 104(1), 185–228. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2004.01.015

Budak, T. G. (2025). Existing landscape of international climate law. In Beyond treaties: Rethinking legal mechanisms for international climate governance (pp. 43–77). Springer Nature Switzerland. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-86022-5_2

Bull, J. W., Gordon, A., Law, E. A., et al. (2014). Importance of baseline specification in evaluating conservation interventions and achieving no net loss of biodiversity. Conservation Biology, 28(3), 799–809. https://doi.org/10.1111/cobi.12243

Bunge, M. (1963). A general black box theory. Philosophy of Science, 30(4), 346–358. https://doi.org/10.1086/287954

Buys, P., Chomitz, K. M., De Luca, G. D., et al. (2006). At loggerheads? Agricultural expansion, poverty reduction, and environment in the tropical forests. World Bank. https://documents.worldbank.org/en/publication/documents-reports/documentdetail/223221468320336327/

Caradonna, J. L., & Apffel-Marglin, F. (2018). The regenerated chacra of the Kichwa-Lamistas: An alternative to permaculture? AlterNative: An International Journal of Indigenous Peoples, 14(1), 13–24. https://doi.org/10.1177/1177180117740708

Carbon Credits. (2025). Biochar carbon credits in 2025: Stable prices amid weakening demand. https://carboncredits.com/biochar-carbon-credits-in-2025-stable-prices-amid-weakening-demand/ [Note: source data listed author as "L. J." or "J. L." — the published article on carboncredits.com does not appear to have a single named author and is attributed institutionally; verify against your in-text citation.]

Carbon Pulse. (2025, September 1). Cercarbono is set to issue first ever biodiversity credits to Colombian project. https://carbon-pulse.com/426151/

Chimeno, C., Schmidt, S., Cancian de Araujo, B., et al. (2023). Abundant, diverse, unknown: Extreme species richness and turnover despite drastic undersampling in two closely placed tropical Malaise traps. PLoS ONE, 18(8), e0290173. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0290173

Chindoy, M. (2026, April). La chagra, un modelo ancestral de biodiversidad: Aportes para los diversos mecanismos de créditos por biodiversidad [The chagra, an ancestral model of biodiversity: Contributions to diverse biodiversity credit mechanisms]. Asociación Indígena para la Gobernanza de los Primeros Pueblos (Agropueblos). https://sexytrees.savimbo.com/trees/the-chagra-an-ancestral-model-of-biodiversity

Cole, R. J., Holl, K. D., Zahawi, R. A., et al. (2016). Leaf litter arthropod responses to tropical forest restoration. Ecology and Evolution, 6(15), 5158–5168. https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.2220

Convention on Biological Diversity. (1992). Convention on Biological Diversity, Article 8(j): Traditional knowledge, innovations and practices. United Nations. https://www.cbd.int/traditional/

Convention on Biological Diversity. (2022). Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (CBD/COP/DEC/15/4). https://www.cbd.int/doc/decisions/cop-15/cop-15-dec-04-en.pdf

Costanza, R., d'Arge, R., de Groot, R., Farber, S., Grasso, M., Hannon, B., Limburg, K., Naeem, S., O'Neill, R. V., Paruelo, J., Raskin, R. G., Sutton, P., & van den Belt, M. (1997). The value of the world's ecosystem services and natural capital. Nature, 387(6630), 253–260. https://doi.org/10.1038/387253a0

Cox, T. (2023). WEF: Biodiversity credit demand could reach $180 bln by 2050 in radical future. Carbon Pulse. https://carbon-pulse.com/241018/

Cruz, E. D. (2021). Germinação de sementes de espécies amazônicas: Ingá-cipó (Inga edulis Mart.) [Germination of seeds from Amazonian species: Ingá-cipó (Inga edulis Mart.)] (Comunicado Técnico No. 329). Embrapa Amazônia Oriental. https://www.infoteca.cnptia.embrapa.br/infoteca/handle/doc/1135460

Cruz-Cano, R., Kolb, M., Saldaña-Vázquez, R. A., Bretón-Deval, L., Cruz-Cano, N., & Aldama-Cervantes, A. (2024). Existing evidence on the use of environmental DNA as an operational method for studying rivers: A systematic map and thematic synthesis. Environmental Evidence, 13(1), 2. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13750-024-00325-6

de Koning, F., Aguiñaga, M., Bravo, M., et al. (2011). Bridging the gap between forest conservation and poverty alleviation: The Ecuadorian Socio Bosque program. Environmental Science & Policy, 14(5), 531–542. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2011.04.007

Delacote, P., L'Horty, T., Kontoleon, A., West, T. A. P., Creti, A., Filewod, B., LeVelly, G., Guizar-Coutiño, A., Groom, B., & Elias, M. (2024). Strong transparency required for carbon credit mechanisms. Nature Sustainability, 7(6), 706–713. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41893-024-01310-0

Di Capua, I., Luise, F., Zampicinini, G., et al. (2024). Integrative approach to monitoring metazoan diversity and distribution in two Mediterranean coastal sites through morphology and organismal eDNA. Scientific Reports, 14, 19291. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-69520-2

Di Sacco, A., Hardwick, K. A., Blakesley, D., Brancalion, P. H. S., Breman, E., Cecilio Rebola, L., Chomba, S., Dixon, K., Elliott, S., Ruyonga, G., Shaw, K., Smith, P., Smith, R. J., & Antonelli, A. (2021). Ten golden rules for reforestation to optimize carbon sequestration, biodiversity recovery and livelihood benefits. Global Change Biology, 27(7), 1328–1348. https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.15498

Dinerstein, E., Vynne, C., Sala, E., et al. (2019). A global deal for nature: Guiding principles, milestones, and targets. Science Advances, 5(4), eaaw2869. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aaw2869

Drucker, A. G., & Ramirez, M. (2020). Payments for agrobiodiversity conservation services: An overview of Latin American experiences, lessons learned and upscaling challenges. Land Use Policy, 99, 104810. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2020.104810

Dwibedi, S. K., Behera, B., & Khawajazada, F. (2023). Biochar production and its impact on sustainable agriculture. In V. C. Pandey (Ed.), Bio-inspired land remediation (pp. 445–474). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-04931-6_17

Eberhard, D. M., Simons, G. F., & Fennig, C. D. (Eds.). (2023). Ethnologue: Languages of the world (26th ed.). SIL International. https://www.ethnologue.com

Eckmann, J.-P., & Ruelle, D. (1985). Ergodic theory of chaos and strange attractors. Reviews of Modern Physics, 57(3), 617–656. https://doi.org/10.1103/RevModPhys.57.617

Ecosystem Services Market Consortium LLC. (2018). Economic assessment for ecosystem service market credits from agricultural working lands. https://ecosystemservicesmarket.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/Informa-IHS-Markit-ESM-Study-Sep-19.pdf

Ellison, D., Morris, C. E., Sheil, D., et al. (2017). Trees, forests and water: Cool insights for a hot world. Global Environmental Change, 43, 51–61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2017.01.002

Fan, H., Jiang, J., Zhang, C., et al. (2020). Long-term prediction of chaotic systems with machine learning. Physical Review Research, 2(1), 012080. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevResearch.2.012080

FAO. (2015). The state of food insecurity in the world 2015. Meeting the 2015 international hunger targets: Taking stock of uneven progress. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. https://www.fao.org/3/a-i4646e.pdf

FAO. (2018). Biodiversity for sustainable agriculture: FAO's work on use and conservation of biodiversity for food and agriculture. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. https://www.fao.org/3/CA2227EN/ca2227en.pdf

Fernández-Llamazares, Á., Fa, J. E., Brockington, D., et al. (2024). No basis for claim that 80% of biodiversity is found in Indigenous territories. Nature, 633, 32–35. https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-024-02811-w

Fernández-Llamazares, Á., Garteizgogeascoa, M., Basu, N., et al. (2020). A state-of-the-art review of Indigenous Peoples and environmental pollution. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management, 16(3), 324–341. https://doi.org/10.1002/ieam.4239

Flores, B. M., Montoya, E., Sakschewski, B., et al. (2024). Critical transitions in the Amazon forest system. Nature, 626, 555–564. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-023-06970-0

Flores, W. (2025). Aporte: Análisis crítico de la plurinacionalidad, la Soberanía de Datos Indígenas y los Derechos de la Naturaleza en el Plan Nacional de Fomento al Biocomercio (PNFB). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17783988

Foley, D. (2018). Indigenous methodology: Is it invented or is it legitimate? Journal of Australian Indigenous Issues, 21(3), 20–38. https://search.informit.org/doi/10.3316/informit.142821743320555

Forestiero, S. (2022). The historical nature of biological complexity and the ineffectiveness of the mathematical approach to it. Theory in Biosciences, 141(3), 213–231. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12064-022-00369-7

Funes, Y. (2022). Yes, colonialism caused climate change, IPCC reports. Atmos. https://atmos.earth/political-landscapes/ipcc-report-colonialism-climate-change/

Funosas, D., Sebastián-González, E., Morant, J., et al. (2025). A global assessment of BirdNET performance: Differences among continents, biomes, and species. Research Square. https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-7832874/v1

Fremout, T., Thomas, E., Taedoumg, H., Briers, S., Gutiérrez-Miranda, C. E., Alcázar-Caicedo, C., Lindau, A., Kpoumie, H. M., Vinceti, B., Kettle, C., Ekué, M., Atkinson, R., Jalonen, R., Gaisberger, H., Elliott, S., Brechbühler, E., Ceccarelli, V., Krishnan, S., Vacik, H., … Muys, B. (2021). Diversity for Restoration (D4R): Guiding the selection of tree species and seed sources for climate-resilient restoration of tropical forest landscapes. Journal of Applied Ecology. https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2664.14079

Gatehouse, M. (2012). The Putumayo atrocities. Latin American Bureau. https://lab.org.uk/the-putumayo-atrocities/

Geckeler, C., Kirchgeorg, S., Strunck, G., Bendix Thostrup, F., Sangermano, F., Desiderato, A., Lüthi, M., Jucker, M., Gonzalez Herrera, M. A., Franco-Sierra, N. D., Pulido-Santacruz, P., Chang, J. J. M., Ip, Y. C. A., Mächler, E., Svenning, A., Mougeot, G., Høye, T. T., Fopp, F., Pellissier, L., … Mintchev, S. (2025). Field deployment of BiodivX drones in the Amazon rainforest for biodiversity monitoring. IEEE Transactions on Field Robotics, 2, 336–[end page tbd]. https://doi.org/10.1109/TFR.2025.3574945 | https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/11018361

Gjefsen, T. (2021, November). Indigenous people get less than 1% of climate funding? It's actually worse (commentary). Mongabay. https://news.mongabay.com/2021/11/indigenous-people-get-less-than-1-of-climate-funding-its-actually-worse-commentary/

Global Forest Coalition. (2024). Who really benefits? How REDD+ fails forests and those who protect them. https://globalforestcoalition.org/who-really-benefits-how-redd-fails-forests-and-those-who-protect-them-a-new-briefing-from-gfc/

Global Forest Watch. (2024). Putumayo, Colombia deforestation rates & statistics. https://www.globalforestwatch.org/dashboards/country/COL/26/

González, N. C., & Kröger, M. (2020). The potential of Amazon indigenous agroforestry practices and ontologies for rethinking global forest governance. Forest Policy and Economics, 118, 102257. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forpol.2020.102257

Valle, G. (ca. 2010). Manual of Inga agroforestry. Rainforest Saver. https://rainforestsaver.org/how-to-and-the-science/inga-alley-cropping-manual/

Gupta, A., & Sisodia, S. (2026). Carbon credit market size. Global Market Insights. https://www.gminsights.com/industry-analysis/carbon-credit-market

Gwenzi, W., Chaukura, N., Noubactep, C., & Mukome, F. N. D. (2017). Biochar-based water treatment systems as a potential low-cost and sustainable technology for clean water provision. Journal of Environmental Management, 197, 732–749. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2017.03.087

Hale, C. R. (2006). Activist research v. cultural critique: Indigenous land rights and the contradictions of politically engaged anthropology. Cultural Anthropology, 21(1), 96–120. https://doi.org/10.1525/can.2006.21.1.96

Handsley-Davis, M., Kowal, E., Russell, L., & Weyrich, L. S. (2021). Researchers using environmental DNA must engage ethically with Indigenous communities. Nature Ecology & Evolution, 5(2), 146–148. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41559-020-01351-6

Hands, M. R., Harrison, A. F., & Bayliss-Smith, T. (1995). Phosphorus dynamics in slash-and-burn and alley cropping systems of the humid tropics. In H. Tiessen (Ed.), Phosphorus in the global environment: Transfers, cycles and management (SCOPE 54, pp. 155–170). Wiley. https://www.scopenvironment.org/downloadpubs/scope54/

Hands, M. R. (1998). The uses of Inga in the acid soils of the rainforest zone: Alley-cropping sustainability and soil-regeneration. In T. D. Pennington & E. C. M. Fernandes (Eds.), The genus Inga: Utilization (pp. 53–86). The Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. https://shop.kew.org/the-genus-inga-utilization

Hands, M. R. (2021). The search for a sustainable alternative to slash-and-burn agriculture in the world's rain forests: The Guama model and its implementation. Royal Society Open Science, 8(2), 201204. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.201204

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Haynes, B., Botts, J., Brito, R., & Spring, J. (2025). Illegal loggers profit from Brazil's carbon credit projects. Reuters. https://www.reuters.com/business/environment/illegal-loggers-profit-brazils-carbon-credit-projects-2025-07-07/ [Note: source data listed this as 2023; the Reuters investigation was published 7 July 2025. Date corrected.]

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Hernandez Marentes, M. A., Venturi, M., Scaramuzzi, S., et al. (2022). Traditional forest-related knowledge and agrobiodiversity preservation: The case of the chagras in the Indigenous Reserve of Monochoa (Colombia). Biodiversity and Conservation, 31(8), 2243–2258. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-021-02263-y

Herrera Arango, J. (2018). Collective land tenure in Colombia: Data and trends. Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR). https://www.cifor-icraf.org/publications/pdf_files/infobrief/7032-infobrief.pdf

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