> For the complete documentation index, see [llms.txt](https://sexytrees.savimbo.com/llms.txt). Markdown versions of documentation pages are available by appending `.md` to page URLs; this page is available as [Markdown](https://sexytrees.savimbo.com/references.md).

# References — Sexy Tree methodology bibliography

Great science papers about #SexyTrees we love and think are super smart. \
UPDATED: May 23, 2026

Abulu, L., Gabay, A., & Hyolmo, S. L. (2024, September 26). *Do Indigenous peoples really conserve 80% of the world's biodiversity?* Mongabay. <https://news.mongabay.com/2024/09/do-indigenous-peoples-really-conserve-80-of-the-worlds-biodiversity/>

Agudelo-Hz, W\.-J., Castillo-Barrera, N.-C., & Uriel, M.-G. (2023). Scenarios of land use and land cover change in the Colombian Amazon to evaluate alternative post-conflict pathways. *Scientific Reports*, *13*, 2152. <https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-29243-2>

Alcocer, I., Lima, H., Sugai, L. S. M., & Llusia, D. (2022). Acoustic indices as proxies for biodiversity: A meta-analysis. *Biological Reviews*, *97*(6), 2209–2236. <https://doi.org/10.1111/brv.12890>

Alliance of Bioversity International and CIAT. (n.d.). *CacaoDiversity: A decision-support tool for cacao agroforestry and seed sourcing*. Retrieved Jun 28, 2026, from <https://cacaodiversity.org/>

Alliance of Bioversity International and CIAT. (n.d.). *Diversity for Agroforestry: A decision-support tool for tree species selection in agroforestry systems*. Retrieved Jun 28, 2026, from <https://diversityforagroforestry.org/>

Altieri, M. A., & Toledo, V. M. (2011). The agroecological revolution in Latin America: Rescuing nature, ensuring food sovereignty and empowering peasants. *The Journal of Peasant Studies*, *38*(3), 587–612. <https://doi.org/10.1080/03066150.2011.582947>

Anderson, P. W. (1972). More is different: Broken symmetry and the nature of the hierarchical structure of science. *Science*, 177(4047), 393–396. <https://doi.org/10.1126/science.177.4047.393>

Bak, P., & Paczuski, M. (1993). Why nature is complex. *Physics World*, *6*(12), 39–43. <https://doi.org/10.1088/2058-7058/6/12/26>

Baldwin, C. Y., & Clark, K. B. (2000). *Design rules, Volume 1: The power of modularity*. MIT Press. <https://mitpress.mit.edu/9780262024662/design-rules/>

Balmford, A., Keshav, S., Venmans, F., Coomes, D. A., Groom, B., Madhavapeddy, A., & Swinfield, T. (2023). Realizing the social value of impermanent carbon credits. *Nature Climate Change*, *13*(11), 1172–1178. <https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-023-01815-0>

Beesley, L., Moreno-Jiménez, E., Gomez-Eyles, J. L., et al. (2011). A review of biochars' potential role in the remediation, revegetation and restoration of contaminated soils. *Environmental Pollution*, *159*(12), 3269–3282. <https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2011.07.023>

Bélisle, A. C., Croteau, B., To, T. A., Couillard, J., Polson, G., & Langlois, V. S. (2026). Tracking terrestrial wildlife with environmental DNA: Methods designed by and for Indigenous organizations. *Journal of Applied Ecology*, *63*, e70253. <https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2664.70253>

Berger, J. (2026, March). *The most authoritative review of business & biodiversity to date tells us what a good measurement of biodiversity is and which measurement approaches are valid for which use cases* \[Post]. LinkedIn. <https://www.linkedin.com/posts/joshuaberger_ipbes-2026-business-biodiversity-measurement>

Berger, J. (2025, June 5). *What are the most effective—and scalable—technologies to measure biodiversity?* \[Post]. LinkedIn. <https://www.linkedin.com/feed/update/urn:li:activity:7336648140877430785/>

Bernardini, A. E., Bertolami, O., & Francisco, F. (2025). Chaotic behaviour of the Earth System in the Anthropocene. *Evolving Earth*, *3*, 100060. <https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eve.2025.100060>

Bezerra, J., Arroyo-Rodríguez, V., Arasa-Gisbert, R., & Meave, J. (2024). Multiscale effects of slash-and-burn agriculture across the tropics: Implications for the sustainability of an ancestral agroecosystem. *Sustainability*, *16*(22), 9994. <https://doi.org/10.3390/su16229994>

Biodiversidad en América Latina y el Caribe. (2018). *La chagra, un sistema ancestral de conexión con la tierra*. <https://www.biodiversidadla.org/Articulos/La-chagra-un-sistema-ancestral-de-conexion-con-la-tierra>

Boogaard, B. (2021). Epistemic injustice in agricultural development: Critical reflections on a livestock development project in rural Mozambique. *Knowledge Management for Development Journal*, *16*, 28–54. <https://www.km4djournal.org/index.php/km4dj/article/view/498>

Bruijnzeel, L. A. (2004). Hydrological functions of tropical forests: Not seeing the soil for the trees? *Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment*, *104*(1), 185–228. <https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2004.01.015>

Budak, T. G. (2025). Existing landscape of international climate law. In *Beyond treaties: Rethinking legal mechanisms for international climate governance* (pp. 43–77). Springer Nature Switzerland. <https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-86022-5_2>

Bull, J. W., Gordon, A., Law, E. A., et al. (2014). Importance of baseline specification in evaluating conservation interventions and achieving no net loss of biodiversity. *Conservation Biology*, *28*(3), 799–809. <https://doi.org/10.1111/cobi.12243>

Bunge, M. (1963). A general black box theory. *Philosophy of Science, 30*(4), 346–358. <https://doi.org/10.1086/287954>

Buys, P., Chomitz, K. M., De Luca, G. D., et al. (2006). *At loggerheads? Agricultural expansion, poverty reduction, and environment in the tropical forests*. World Bank. <https://documents.worldbank.org/en/publication/documents-reports/documentdetail/223221468320336327/>

Caradonna, J. L., & Apffel-Marglin, F. (2018). The regenerated chacra of the Kichwa-Lamistas: An alternative to permaculture? *AlterNative: An International Journal of Indigenous Peoples*, *14*(1), 13–24. <https://doi.org/10.1177/1177180117740708>

Carbon Credits. (2025). *Biochar carbon credits in 2025: Stable prices amid weakening demand*. <https://carboncredits.com/biochar-carbon-credits-in-2025-stable-prices-amid-weakening-demand/> \[Note: source data listed author as "L. J." or "J. L." — the published article on carboncredits.com does not appear to have a single named author and is attributed institutionally; verify against your in-text citation.]

Carbon Pulse. (2025, September 1). *Cercarbono is set to issue first ever biodiversity credits to Colombian project*. <https://carbon-pulse.com/426151/>

Chimeno, C., Schmidt, S., Cancian de Araujo, B., et al. (2023). Abundant, diverse, unknown: Extreme species richness and turnover despite drastic undersampling in two closely placed tropical Malaise traps. *PLoS ONE*, *18*(8), e0290173. <https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0290173>

Chindoy, M. (2026, April). *La chagra, un modelo ancestral de biodiversidad: Aportes para los diversos mecanismos de créditos por biodiversidad* \[The chagra, an ancestral model of biodiversity: Contributions to diverse biodiversity credit mechanisms]. Asociación Indígena para la Gobernanza de los Primeros Pueblos (Agropueblos). <https://sexytrees.savimbo.com/trees/the-chagra-an-ancestral-model-of-biodiversity>

Cole, R. J., Holl, K. D., Zahawi, R. A., et al. (2016). Leaf litter arthropod responses to tropical forest restoration. *Ecology and Evolution*, *6*(15), 5158–5168. <https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.2220>

Convention on Biological Diversity. (1992). *Convention on Biological Diversity, Article 8(j): Traditional knowledge, innovations and practices*. United Nations. <https://www.cbd.int/traditional/>

Convention on Biological Diversity. (2022). *Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework* (CBD/COP/DEC/15/4). <https://www.cbd.int/doc/decisions/cop-15/cop-15-dec-04-en.pdf>

Costanza, R., d'Arge, R., de Groot, R., Farber, S., Grasso, M., Hannon, B., Limburg, K., Naeem, S., O'Neill, R. V., Paruelo, J., Raskin, R. G., Sutton, P., & van den Belt, M. (1997). The value of the world's ecosystem services and natural capital. *Nature*, *387*(6630), 253–260. <https://doi.org/10.1038/387253a0>

Cox, T. (2023). *WEF: Biodiversity credit demand could reach $180 bln by 2050 in radical future*. Carbon Pulse. <https://carbon-pulse.com/241018/>

Cruz, E. D. (2021). *Germinação de sementes de espécies amazônicas: Ingá-cipó (Inga edulis Mart.)* \[Germination of seeds from Amazonian species: Ingá-cipó (*Inga edulis* Mart.)] (Comunicado Técnico No. 329). Embrapa Amazônia Oriental. <https://www.infoteca.cnptia.embrapa.br/infoteca/handle/doc/1135460>

Cruz-Cano, R., Kolb, M., Saldaña-Vázquez, R. A., Bretón-Deval, L., Cruz-Cano, N., & Aldama-Cervantes, A. (2024). Existing evidence on the use of environmental DNA as an operational method for studying rivers: A systematic map and thematic synthesis. *Environmental Evidence*, *13*(1), 2. <https://doi.org/10.1186/s13750-024-00325-6>

de Koning, F., Aguiñaga, M., Bravo, M., et al. (2011). Bridging the gap between forest conservation and poverty alleviation: The Ecuadorian Socio Bosque program. *Environmental Science & Policy*, *14*(5), 531–542. <https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2011.04.007>

Delacote, P., L'Horty, T., Kontoleon, A., West, T. A. P., Creti, A., Filewod, B., LeVelly, G., Guizar-Coutiño, A., Groom, B., & Elias, M. (2024). Strong transparency required for carbon credit mechanisms. *Nature Sustainability*, *7*(6), 706–713. <https://doi.org/10.1038/s41893-024-01310-0>

Di Capua, I., Luise, F., Zampicinini, G., et al. (2024). Integrative approach to monitoring metazoan diversity and distribution in two Mediterranean coastal sites through morphology and organismal eDNA. *Scientific Reports*, *14*, 19291. <https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-69520-2>

Di Sacco, A., Hardwick, K. A., Blakesley, D., Brancalion, P. H. S., Breman, E., Cecilio Rebola, L., Chomba, S., Dixon, K., Elliott, S., Ruyonga, G., Shaw, K., Smith, P., Smith, R. J., & Antonelli, A. (2021). Ten golden rules for reforestation to optimize carbon sequestration, biodiversity recovery and livelihood benefits. *Global Change Biology*, *27*(7), 1328–1348. <https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.15498>

Dinerstein, E., Vynne, C., Sala, E., et al. (2019). A global deal for nature: Guiding principles, milestones, and targets. *Science Advances*, *5*(4), eaaw2869. <https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aaw2869>

Drucker, A. G., & Ramirez, M. (2020). Payments for agrobiodiversity conservation services: An overview of Latin American experiences, lessons learned and upscaling challenges. *Land Use Policy*, *99*, 104810. <https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2020.104810>

Dwibedi, S. K., Behera, B., & Khawajazada, F. (2023). Biochar production and its impact on sustainable agriculture. In V. C. Pandey (Ed.), *Bio-inspired land remediation* (pp. 445–474). Springer International Publishing. <https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-04931-6_17>

Eberhard, D. M., Simons, G. F., & Fennig, C. D. (Eds.). (2023). *Ethnologue: Languages of the world* (26th ed.). SIL International. [https://www.ethnologue.com](https://www.ethnologue.com/)

Eckmann, J.-P., & Ruelle, D. (1985). Ergodic theory of chaos and strange attractors. *Reviews of Modern Physics*, 57(3), 617–656. <https://doi.org/10.1103/RevModPhys.57.617>

Ecosystem Services Market Consortium LLC. (2018). *Economic assessment for ecosystem service market credits from agricultural working lands*. <https://ecosystemservicesmarket.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/Informa-IHS-Markit-ESM-Study-Sep-19.pdf>

Ellison, D., Morris, C. E., Sheil, D., et al. (2017). Trees, forests and water: Cool insights for a hot world. *Global Environmental Change*, *43*, 51–61. <https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2017.01.002>

Fan, H., Jiang, J., Zhang, C., et al. (2020). Long-term prediction of chaotic systems with machine learning. *Physical Review Research*, *2*(1), 012080. <https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevResearch.2.012080>

FAO. (2015). *The state of food insecurity in the world 2015. Meeting the 2015 international hunger targets: Taking stock of uneven progress*. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. <https://www.fao.org/3/a-i4646e.pdf>

FAO. (2018). *Biodiversity for sustainable agriculture: FAO's work on use and conservation of biodiversity for food and agriculture*. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. <https://www.fao.org/3/CA2227EN/ca2227en.pdf>

Fernández-Llamazares, Á., Fa, J. E., Brockington, D., et al. (2024). No basis for claim that 80% of biodiversity is found in Indigenous territories. *Nature*, *633*, 32–35. <https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-024-02811-w>

Fernández-Llamazares, Á., Garteizgogeascoa, M., Basu, N., et al. (2020). A state-of-the-art review of Indigenous Peoples and environmental pollution. *Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management*, *16*(3), 324–341. <https://doi.org/10.1002/ieam.4239>

Flores, B. M., Montoya, E., Sakschewski, B., et al. (2024). Critical transitions in the Amazon forest system. *Nature*, *626*, 555–564. <https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-023-06970-0>

Flores, W. (2025). *Aporte: Análisis crítico de la plurinacionalidad, la Soberanía de Datos Indígenas y los Derechos de la Naturaleza en el Plan Nacional de Fomento al Biocomercio (PNFB)*. Zenodo. <https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17783988>

Foley, D. (2018). Indigenous methodology: Is it invented or is it legitimate? *Journal of Australian Indigenous Issues*, *21*(3), 20–38. <https://search.informit.org/doi/10.3316/informit.142821743320555>

Forestiero, S. (2022). The historical nature of biological complexity and the ineffectiveness of the mathematical approach to it. *Theory in Biosciences*, *141*(3), 213–231. <https://doi.org/10.1007/s12064-022-00369-7>

Funes, Y. (2022). *Yes, colonialism caused climate change, IPCC reports*. Atmos. <https://atmos.earth/political-landscapes/ipcc-report-colonialism-climate-change/>

Funosas, D., Sebastián-González, E., Morant, J., et al. (2025). A global assessment of BirdNET performance: Differences among continents, biomes, and species. *Research Square*. <https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-7832874/v1>

Fremout, T., Thomas, E., Taedoumg, H., Briers, S., Gutiérrez-Miranda, C. E., Alcázar-Caicedo, C., Lindau, A., Kpoumie, H. M., Vinceti, B., Kettle, C., Ekué, M., Atkinson, R., Jalonen, R., Gaisberger, H., Elliott, S., Brechbühler, E., Ceccarelli, V., Krishnan, S., Vacik, H., … Muys, B. (2021). Diversity for Restoration (D4R): Guiding the selection of tree species and seed sources for climate-resilient restoration of tropical forest landscapes. *Journal of Applied Ecology*. <https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2664.14079>

Gatehouse, M. (2012). *The Putumayo atrocities*. Latin American Bureau. <https://lab.org.uk/the-putumayo-atrocities/>

Geckeler, C., Kirchgeorg, S., Strunck, G., Bendix Thostrup, F., Sangermano, F., Desiderato, A., Lüthi, M., Jucker, M., Gonzalez Herrera, M. A., Franco-Sierra, N. D., Pulido-Santacruz, P., Chang, J. J. M., Ip, Y. C. A., Mächler, E., Svenning, A., Mougeot, G., Høye, T. T., Fopp, F., Pellissier, L., … Mintchev, S. (2025). Field deployment of BiodivX drones in the Amazon rainforest for biodiversity monitoring. *IEEE Transactions on Field Robotics*, *2*, 336–\[end page tbd]. <https://doi.org/10.1109/TFR.2025.3574945> | <https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/11018361>

Gjefsen, T. (2021, November). *Indigenous people get less than 1% of climate funding? It's actually worse (commentary)*. Mongabay. <https://news.mongabay.com/2021/11/indigenous-people-get-less-than-1-of-climate-funding-its-actually-worse-commentary/>

Global Forest Coalition. (2024). *Who really benefits? How REDD+ fails forests and those who protect them*. <https://globalforestcoalition.org/who-really-benefits-how-redd-fails-forests-and-those-who-protect-them-a-new-briefing-from-gfc/>

Global Forest Watch. (2024). *Putumayo, Colombia deforestation rates & statistics*. <https://www.globalforestwatch.org/dashboards/country/COL/26/>

González, N. C., & Kröger, M. (2020). The potential of Amazon indigenous agroforestry practices and ontologies for rethinking global forest governance. *Forest Policy and Economics*, *118*, 102257. <https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forpol.2020.102257>

Valle, G. (ca. 2010). *Manual of Inga agroforestry*. Rainforest Saver. <https://rainforestsaver.org/how-to-and-the-science/inga-alley-cropping-manual/>

Gupta, A., & Sisodia, S. (2026). *Carbon credit market size*. Global Market Insights. <https://www.gminsights.com/industry-analysis/carbon-credit-market>

Gwenzi, W., Chaukura, N., Noubactep, C., & Mukome, F. N. D. (2017). Biochar-based water treatment systems as a potential low-cost and sustainable technology for clean water provision. *Journal of Environmental Management*, *197*, 732–749. <https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2017.03.087>

Hale, C. R. (2006). Activist research v. cultural critique: Indigenous land rights and the contradictions of politically engaged anthropology. *Cultural Anthropology*, *21*(1), 96–120. <https://doi.org/10.1525/can.2006.21.1.96>

Handsley-Davis, M., Kowal, E., Russell, L., & Weyrich, L. S. (2021). Researchers using environmental DNA must engage ethically with Indigenous communities. *Nature Ecology & Evolution*, *5*(2), 146–148. <https://doi.org/10.1038/s41559-020-01351-6>

Hands, M. R., Harrison, A. F., & Bayliss-Smith, T. (1995). Phosphorus dynamics in slash-and-burn and alley cropping systems of the humid tropics. In H. Tiessen (Ed.), *Phosphorus in the global environment: Transfers, cycles and management* (SCOPE 54, pp. 155–170). Wiley. <https://www.scopenvironment.org/downloadpubs/scope54/>

Hands, M. R. (1998). The uses of *Inga* in the acid soils of the rainforest zone: Alley-cropping sustainability and soil-regeneration. In T. D. Pennington & E. C. M. Fernandes (Eds.), *The genus Inga: Utilization* (pp. 53–86). The Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. <https://shop.kew.org/the-genus-inga-utilization>

Hands, M. R. (2021). The search for a sustainable alternative to slash-and-burn agriculture in the world's rain forests: The Guama model and its implementation. *Royal Society Open Science*, *8*(2), 201204. <https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.201204>

Hardin, G. (1968). The tragedy of the commons. *Science*, *162*(3859), 1243–1248. <https://doi.org/10.1126/science.162.3859.1243>

Haynes, B., Botts, J., Brito, R., & Spring, J. (2025). *Illegal loggers profit from Brazil's carbon credit projects*. Reuters. <https://www.reuters.com/business/environment/illegal-loggers-profit-brazils-carbon-credit-projects-2025-07-07/> \[Note: source data listed this as 2023; the Reuters investigation was published 7 July 2025. Date corrected.]

Hecht, S. B., Pezzoli, K., & Saatchi, S. (2016). Chapter 10. Trees have already been invented: Carbon in woodlands. *Collabra*, *2*(1), 18. <https://doi.org/10.1525/collabra.69>

Hernandez Marentes, M. A., Venturi, M., Scaramuzzi, S., et al. (2022). Traditional forest-related knowledge and agrobiodiversity preservation: The case of the chagras in the Indigenous Reserve of Monochoa (Colombia). *Biodiversity and Conservation*, *31*(8), 2243–2258. <https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-021-02263-y>

Herrera Arango, J. (2018). *Collective land tenure in Colombia: Data and trends*. Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR). <https://www.cifor-icraf.org/publications/pdf_files/infobrief/7032-infobrief.pdf>

Hirayama, B. (2025). LEGO's 0.002mm specification and its implications for manufacturing. *The Wave*. <https://www.thewave.engineer/articles.html/productivity/legos-0002mm-specification-and-its-implications-for-manufacturing-r120/>

Houngbo, G. F. (2020). *Why small farms are key to the future of food — and how we can support them*. World Economic Forum. <https://www.weforum.org/meetings/bold-actions-for-food-as-a-force-for-good-2020/>

ICCA Consortium. (2021). *Territories of Life: 2021 report*. <https://report.territoriesoflife.org/>

Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers. (2025). *IEEE recommended practice for provenance of Indigenous Peoples' data* (IEEE Std 2890-2025). IEEE Standards Association. <https://standards.ieee.org/ieee/2890/10318/>

Inga Foundation. (2026). *Our projects*. <https://www.ingafoundation.org/projects/>

International Labour Office. (2003). *ILO Convention on Indigenous and Tribal Peoples, 1989 (No. 169): A manual* (Rev. ed.). International Labour Organization. <https://www.ilo.org/publications/ilo-convention-indigenous-and-tribal-peoples-1989-no-169-manual>

IPBES. (2026). *Methodological assessment report of the impact and dependence of business on biodiversity and nature's contributions to people* (X. Rueda, M. Jones, & S. Polasky, Eds.). IPBES Secretariat. <https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17185116>

IPCC. (2019). *2019 refinement to the 2006 IPCC guidelines for national greenhouse gas inventories* (E. Calvo Buendia, K. Tanabe, A. Kranjc, J. Baasansuren, M. Fukuda, S. Ngarize, A. Osako, Y. Pyrozhenko, P. Shermanau, & S. Federici, Eds.). Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. <https://www.ipcc.ch/report/2019-refinement-to-the-2006-ipcc-guidelines-for-national-greenhouse-gas-inventories/>

IPCC. (2023). *Climate change 2023: Synthesis report*. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. <https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/syr/>

Johnston, L. (2022). *Architects of abundance: Indigenous regenerative food and land management systems and the excavation of hidden history* \[Doctoral dissertation]. ProQuest. [https://search.proquest.com/openview/17597a179528716e1a9e8515ca76ec77](https://search.proquest.com/openview/17597a179528716e1a9e8515ca76ec77/)

Jonas, H. (1984). *The imperative of responsibility: In search of an ethics for the technological age*. University of Chicago Press. <https://press.uchicago.edu/ucp/books/book/chicago/I/bo3624199.html>

Jones, S. K., Estrada-Carmona, N., Juventia, S. D., et al. (2021). Agrobiodiversity Index scores show agrobiodiversity is underutilized in national food systems. *Nature Food*, *2*, 712–723. <https://doi.org/10.1038/s43016-021-00344-3>

Joseph, S., Cowie, A. L., Van Zwieten, L., Bolan, N., Budai, A., Buss, W., Cayuela, M. L., Graber, E. R., Ippolito, J. A., Kuzyakov, Y., Luo, Y., Ok, Y. S., Palansooriya, K. N., Shepherd, J., Stephens, S., Weng, Z., & Lehmann, J. (2021). How biochar works, and when it doesn't: A review of mechanisms controlling soil and plant responses to biochar. *GCB Bioenergy*, *13*(11), 1731–1764. <https://doi.org/10.1111/gcbb.12885>

Juo, A. S. R., & Manu, A. (1996). Chemical dynamics in slash-and-burn agriculture. *Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment*, *58*(1), 49–60. <https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-8809(95)00656-7>

Katz, M. L., & Shapiro, C. (1994). Systems competition and network effects. *Journal of Economic Perspectives*, *8*(2), 93–115. <https://doi.org/10.1257/jep.8.2.93>

Kauffman, C., & Haas, C. (2025). *Peru court case: Rights of the Marañón River*. Eco Jurisprudence Monitor. <https://ecojurisprudence.org/initiatives/rights-of-maranon-river-case/>

Kessler, M., Abrahamczyk, S., Bos, M., et al. (2009). Alpha and beta diversity of plants and animals along a tropical land-use gradient. *Ecological Applications*, *19*(8), 2142–2156. <https://doi.org/10.1890/08-1074.1>

Kestel, J. H., Field, D. L., Bateman, P. W., et al. (2022). Applications of environmental DNA (eDNA) in agricultural systems: Current uses, limitations and future prospects. *Science of the Total Environment*, *847*, 157556. <https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157556>

Klepke, M. J., Sigsgaard, E. E., Jensen, M. R., Olsen, K., & Thomsen, P. F. (2022). Accumulation and diversity of airborne, eukaryotic environmental DNA. *Environmental DNA*, *4*(6), 1323–1339. <https://doi.org/10.1002/edn3.340>

Lacoursière-Roussel, A., & Deiner, K. (2019). Environmental DNA is not the tool by itself. *Journal of Fish Biology*, *98*(2), 383–386. <https://doi.org/10.1111/jfb.14177>

Lahoz-Monfort, J. J., Guillera-Arroita, G., & Tingley, R. (2016). Statistical approaches to account for false-positive errors in environmental DNA samples. *Molecular Ecology Resources*, *16*(3), 673–685. <https://doi.org/10.1111/1755-0998.12486>

Lamb, E. G., Bayne, E., Holloway, G., et al. (2009). Indices for monitoring biodiversity change: Are some more effective than others? *Ecological Indicators*, *9*(3), 432–444. <https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2008.06.001>

Lefebvre, D., Williams, A., Meersmans, J., et al. (2020). Modelling the potential for soil carbon sequestration using biochar from sugarcane residues in Brazil. *Scientific Reports*, *10*, 19479. <https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-76470-y>

Lorenz, E. N. (1963). Deterministic nonperiodic flow. *Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences*, 20(2), 130–141. [https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(1963)020<0130:DNF>2.0.CO;2](https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469\(1963\)020%3C0130:DNF%3E2.0.CO;2)

Lowder, S. K., Sánchez, M. V., & Bertini, R. (2021). Which farms feed the world and has farmland become more concentrated? *World Development*, *142*, 105455. <https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2021.105455>

Martello, F., Dáttilo, W., Souza-Campana, D. R., et al. (2024). Eucalyptus plantation reduces diversity and disrupts predator-prey correlations of soil invertebrates within Atlantic Forest. *Forest Ecology and Management*, *553*, 121592. <https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2023.121592>

Meadows, D. H. (2008). *Thinking in systems: A primer* (D. Wright, Ed.). Chelsea Green Publishing. <https://amzn.to/4ub7fGE>

Mingay, S. (2022). *Hype cycle for sustainability, 2022*. Gartner Research. <https://www.gartner.com/en/documents/4017030>

Mitchell, M. (2009). *Complexity: A guided tour*. Oxford University Press. <https://global.oup.com/academic/product/complexity-9780199798100>

Muller, J. (2018). *The tyranny of metrics*. Princeton University Press. <https://press.princeton.edu/books/hardcover/9780691174952/the-tyranny-of-metrics>

Natural Resources Conservation Service. (n.d.). *Water management*. U.S. Department of Agriculture. Retrieved February 4, 2026, from <https://www.nrcs.usda.gov/water-management>

Nelson, M. K., & Reed, G. (2025). Indigenous critiques and recommendations for reclaiming nature-based solutions. *Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences*, *122*, e2315917121. <https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2315917121>

Newell, R. G., Pizer, W. A., & Raimi, D. (2014). Carbon markets: Past, present, and future. *Annual Review of Resource Economics*, *6*, 191–215. <https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-resource-100913-012655>

Newton, P., Kinzer, A. T., Miller, D. C., et al. (2020). The number and spatial distribution of forest-proximate people globally. *One Earth*, *3*(3), 363–370. <https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oneear.2020.08.016>

OECD. (2020). *A comprehensive overview of global biodiversity finance*. OECD. <https://www.oecd.org/en/publications/a-comprehensive-overview-of-global-biodiversity-finance_a07ac1ee-en.html>

Organización Internacional del Trabajo. (2009). *Convenio Núm. 169 de la OIT sobre pueblos indígenas y tribales en países independientes; Declaración de las Naciones Unidas sobre los Derechos de los Pueblos Indígenas*. Oficina Regional para América Latina y el Caribe. <https://www.ilo.org/es/media/443541/download>

Pagiola, S., Arcenas, A., & Platais, G. (2005). Can payments for environmental services help reduce poverty? An exploration of the issues and the evidence to date from Latin America. *World Development*, *33*(2), 237–253. <https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2004.07.011>

Palmer, T. N. (2000). Predicting uncertainty in forecasts of weather and climate. *Reports on Progress in Physics*, 63(2), 71–116. <https://doi.org/10.1088/0034-4885/63/2/201>

Paynter, J., Lopez, A. I., Vallejo, A., Flores, N. K., Balp, E., & Burbank, A. D. (2024). *An interoperable unit for area-based biodiversity conservation: Wicked problems, simple solutions* \[Preprint]. ResearchGate. <https://www.researchgate.net/publication/381459737>

Perfecto, I., Vandermeer, J., & Wright, A. (2009). *Nature's matrix: Linking agriculture, conservation and food sovereignty*. Earthscan. <https://doi.org/10.4324/9781849770132>

Pinto, C. M., Camper, B. T., Flatt, E., & Whitworth, A. (2025). Dung beetle communities change quickly following tropical forest restoration: A case study from southern Costa Rica. *Forest Ecology and Management*, *587*, 122749. <https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2025.122749>

Poorter, L., Craven, D., Jakovac, C. C., et al. (2021). Multidimensional tropical forest recovery. *Science*, *374*(6573), 1370–1376. <https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abh3629>

Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research. (2025). *Commentary: Rising planetary risks after missed decade of action*. <https://www.pik-potsdam.de/en/news/latest-news/commentary-scientists-outline-rising-planetary-risks-after-missed-decade-of-action>

Power, H., Takahashi, M., Jarman, S., & Berry, O. (2023). What is environmental DNA? *Environmental DNA*, *5*(6), 1743–1758. <https://doi.org/10.1002/edn3.497>

Probst, B. S., Toetzke, M., Kontoleon, A., et al. (2024). Systematic assessment of the achieved emission reductions of carbon crediting projects. *Nature Communications*, *15*, 9562. <https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-53645-z>

Rachels, J. (1975). Active and passive euthanasia. *New England Journal of Medicine*, *292*(2), 78–80. <https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM197501092920206>

Ram N (2023) The ethics of human sequences in environmental samples. *Nat Ecol Evol* 7:796–797. <https://doi.org/10.1038/s41559-023-02072-2>

Rainforest Saver. (n.d.). *Rainforest Saver*. Retrieved February 3, 2026, from [https://rainforestsaver.org](https://rainforestsaver.org/)

Redford, K. H. (1992). The empty forest. *BioScience*, *42*(6), 412–422. <https://doi.org/10.2307/1311860>

Resnicow, K., & Vaughan, R. (2006). A chaotic view of behavior change: A quantum leap for health promotion. *International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity*, *3*, 25. <https://doi.org/10.1186/1479-5868-3-25>

Rights and Resources Initiative. (n.d.). *The land rights standard*. <https://rightsandresources.org/land-rights-standard/>

Rockström, J., et al. (2009). A safe operating space for humanity. *Nature*, *461*(7263), 472–475. <https://doi.org/10.1038/nature08967>

Rockström, J., Schlosser, P., Bhowmik, A. K., et al. (2025). Living beyond limits: Consequences of missing the decisive decade for preserving our planet's life-supporting systems. *One Earth*, 101527. <https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oneear.2025.101527>

Roels, S. M., Hannay, M. B., & Lindell, C. A. (2019). Recovery of bird activity and species richness in an early-stage tropical forest restoration. *Avian Conservation and Ecology*, *14*(1). <https://doi.org/10.5751/ACE-01330-140109>

Rozendaal, D. M. A., Bongers, F., Aide, T. M., et al. (2019). Biodiversity recovery of Neotropical secondary forests. *Science Advances*, *5*(3), eaau3114. <https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aau3114>

Roston, M. (2025). The market that won't trade: Fixing structural failures in the spot market for carbon removals. *SSRN*. <https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.5224158>

Rubicon Carbon. (2024). *Ponterra, Microsoft, Rubicon Carbon and Carbon Streaming launch 3.2Mt nature-based carbon removal project*. [https://rubiconcarbon.com/blog/ponterra-microsoft-rubicon-carbon-and-carbon-streaming-launch-3-2mt-nature-based-carbon-removal-project](https://rubiconcarbon.com/blog/ponterra-microsoft-rubicon-carbon-and-carbon-streaming-launch-3-2mt-nature-based-carbon-removal-project/)

Sakschewski, B., Caesar, L., Andersen, L., et al. (2025). *Planetary health check 2025*. Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research. <https://doi.org/10.48485/pik.2025.017>

Samberg, L. H., Gerber, J. S., Ramankutty, N., et al. (2016). Subnational distribution of average farm size and smallholder contributions to global food production. *Environmental Research Letters*, *11*(12), 124010. <https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/11/12/124010>

Sánchez-Vendizú, P., Erkenswick, G., Reyes, J., López Clinton, S., Silvestre Espejo, T., Cáceres, G., Libke, Z., Arana, A., Mendoza-Silva, J., Tirapelle, C., Williams, S., Swamy, V., Martínez-Altamirano, J., Esteves, J., Barnuevo-Bullón, J. P., Hernández-Mejía, J., Caffo, X., Salazar-Aragón, R., Gutiérrez-Jiménez, L., … Watsa, M. (2025). Decoding the Peruvian Amazon with in situ DNA barcoding of vertebrate and plant taxa. *Scientific Data*, *12*(1), 1545. <https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-025-05697-z>

Savimbo. (2024). *Indicator species biodiversity methodology: For conservation of intact regional biodiversity using indicator species*. Cercarbono. <https://isbm.savimbo.com/>

Scales, B. R., & Marsden, S. J. (2008). Biodiversity in small-scale tropical agroforests: A review of species richness and abundance shifts and the factors influencing them. *Environmental Conservation*, *35*(2), 160–172. <https://doi.org/10.1017/S0376892908004840>

Scheffer, M., Bascompte, J., Brock, W. A., Brovkin, V., Carpenter, S. R., Dakos, V., Held, H., van Nes, E. H., Rietkerk, M., & Sugihara, G. (2009). Early-warning signals for critical transitions. *Nature*, 461(7260), 53–59. <https://doi.org/10.1038/nature08227>

Schlesinger, W. H. (1997). *Biogeochemistry: An analysis of global change* (2nd ed.). Academic Press. <https://www.elsevier.com/books/biogeochemistry/schlesinger/978-0-12-625155-5>

Schmid, D. V. (2023). Are forest carbon projects in Africa green but mean? A mixed-method analysis. *Climate and Development*, *15*(1), 45–59. <https://doi.org/10.1080/17565529.2022.2054400>

Scott, J. C. (1998). *Seeing like a state: How certain schemes to improve the human condition have failed*. Yale University Press. <https://yalebooks.yale.edu/book/9780300078152/seeing-like-a-state/>

Sendanayake, S. V., Thambiratnam, D. P., Perera, N., Chan, T., & Aghdamy, S. (2019). Seismic mitigation of steel modular building structures through innovative inter-modular connections. *Heliyon*, *5*(11), e02751. <https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e02751>&#x20;

Sharma, R. (2024). *Biochar carbon credits market research report 2033*. Market Intelo. <https://marketintelo.com/report/biochar-carbon-credit-market>

Sharma, S., Dhal, S., Rout, T., & Acharya, B. S. (2022). Drones and machine learning for estimating forest carbon storage. *Carbon Research*, *1*, 21. <https://doi.org/10.1007/s44246-022-00021-5>

Sheil, D. (2018). Forests, atmospheric water and an uncertain future: The new biology of the global water cycle. *Forest Ecosystems*, *5*, 19. <https://doi.org/10.1186/s40663-018-0138-y>

Sornette, D. (2009). Dragon-kings, black swans and the prediction of crises. *SSRN*. <https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1470006>

Sotelo Montes, C., & Weber, J. C. (1997). Priorización de especies arbóreas para sistemas agroforestales en la selva baja del Perú \[Prioritization of tree species for agroforestry systems in the Peruvian lowland jungle]. *Agroforestería en las Américas*, *4*(14), 12–17. <https://repositorio.catie.ac.cr/handle/11554/6701>

Spranca, M., Minsk, E., & Baron, J. (1991). Omission and commission in judgment and choice. *Journal of Experimental Social Psychology*, *27*(1), 76–105. <https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1031(91)90011-T>

Steinberg, S. R., & Kincheloe, J. L. (2012). Employing the bricolage as critical research in science education. In B. J. Fraser, K. Tobin, & C. J. McRobbie (Eds.), *Second international handbook of science education* (pp. 1485–1500). Springer Netherlands. <https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-9041-7_95>

Strauss, M. (2012). *Looking back on the limits of growth*. Smithsonian Magazine. <https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/looking-back-on-the-limits-of-growth-125269840/>

Strogatz, S. H. (2015). Nonlinear dynamics and chaos: With applications to physics, biology, chemistry, and engineering (2nd ed.). Westview Press. <https://amzn.to/4veSjYQ>

Swinfield, T. (2025). *Scientific credibility for high-integrity voluntary carbon markets*. Cambridge Open Engage. <https://www.cambridge.org/engage/coe/article-details/679385946dde43c9082f7009>

Szabo, F. E. (2015). Chapter O. In *The linear algebra survival guide* (pp. 253–271). Elsevier. <https://www.sciencedirect.com/book/9780124095205/the-linear-algebra-survival-guide>

Taleb, N. N. (2007). Black swans and the domains of statistics. *The American Statistician*, *61*(3), 198–200. <https://doi.org/10.1198/000313007X219996>

Talucder, M. S. A., Ruba, U. B., & Robi, M. A. S. (2024). Potentiality of neglected and underutilized species (NUS) as a future resilient food: A systematic review. *Journal of Agriculture and Food Research*, *16*, 101116. <https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jafr.2024.101116>

Teo, H. C., Lamba, A., Ng, S. J. W., Nguyen, A. T., Dwiputra, A., Lim, A. J. Y., Nguyen, M. N., Tor-ngern, P., Zeng, Y., Dewi, S., & Koh, L. P. (2025). Reduction of deforestation by agroforestry in high carbon stock forests of Southeast Asia. *Nature Sustainability, 8*(4), 358–362. <https://doi.org/10.1038/s41893-025-01532-w>

Tribune de Genève. (2024). *Genève internationale: Le chef Huni Kui défend les savoirs traditionnels à l'ONU*. <https://www.tdg.ch/geneve-internationale-le-chef-huni-kui-defend-les-savoirs-traditionnels-a-lonu-910369023177>

Tscharntke, T., Ocampo-Ariza, C., Vansynghel, J., Ivañez-Ballesteros, B., Aycart, P., Rodriguez, L., Ramirez, M., Steffan-Dewenter, I., Maas, B., & Thomas, E. (2023). Socio-ecological benefits of fine-flavor cacao in its center of origin. *Conservation Letters, 16*(1), e12936. <https://doi.org/10.1111/conl.12936>

Tversky, A., & Kahneman, D. (1974). Judgment under uncertainty: Heuristics and biases. *Science*, 185(4157), 1124–1131. <https://doi.org/10.1126/science.185.4157.1124>

United Nations. (2007). *United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples* (A/RES/61/295) \[English version]. <https://www.un.org/development/desa/indigenouspeoples/declaration-on-the-rights-of-indigenous-peoples.html>

United Nations Environment Programme. (2022). *Emissions gap report 2022*. United Nations. <https://www.unep.org/resources/emissions-gap-report-2022>

Universities-National Bureau Committee for Economic Research. (1962). *The rate and direction of inventive activity: Economic and social factors*. National Bureau of Economic Research.

van Klink, R., Sheard, J. K., Høye, T. T., et al. (2024). Towards a toolkit for global insect biodiversity monitoring. *Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B*, *379*, 20230101. <https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2023.0101>

Vargas Roncancio, I. D. (2011). *Sistemas de conocimiento ecológico tradicional y sus mecanismos de transformación: El caso de una chagra amazónica* \[Traditional ecological knowledge systems and their transformation mechanisms: The case of an Amazonian chagra] \[Master's thesis, Universidad Nacional de Colombia]. Repositorio UNAL. <https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/handle/unal/7655>

Vera Vera, R. R., Cota-Sánchez, J. H., & Grijalva Olmedo, J. E. (2019). Biodiversity, dynamics, and impact of chakras on the Ecuadorian Amazon. *Journal of Plant Ecology*, *12*(1), 34–44. <https://doi.org/10.1093/jpe/rtx060>

Villalba-Martínez, C. J., Souza-Alonso, P., Piñeiro, V., et al. (2025). Soil sustainability challenges in eucalypt afforestation of floodplain grasslands in Paraguay's Humid Chaco: Carbon and phosphorus dynamics. *Forest Ecology and Management*, *595*, 123034. <https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2025.123034>

Waheed, A., Xu, H., Qiao, X., et al. (2025). Biochar in sustainable agriculture and climate mitigation: Mechanisms, challenges, and applications in the circular bioeconomy. *Biomass and Bioenergy*, *193*, 107531. <https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2024.107531>

We Don't Have Time. (2025). *National emergency briefing*. <https://www.wedonthavetime.org/events/national-emergency-briefing>

Weber, K. (2025). *Biochar is the unsung market driver of carbon dioxide removal (CDR)*. SINTEF Blog. <https://blog.sintef.com/energy/biochar-is-the-unsung-market-driver-of-carbon-dioxide-removal-cdr/>

Whitmore L, McCauley M, Farrell JA, et al. (2023) Inadvertent human genomic bycatch and intentional capture raise beneficial applications and ethical concerns with environmental DNA. *Nat Ecol Evol* 7:873–888. <https://doi.org/10.1038/s41559-023-02056-2>

World Bank. (2006). *At loggerheads? Agricultural expansion, poverty reduction, and environment in the tropical forests*. The World Bank. <https://documents.worldbank.org/en/publication/documents-reports/documentdetail/223221468320336327/>

Wynn, D., & Eckert, C. (2017). Perspectives on iteration in design and development. *Research in Engineering Design*, *28*(2), 153–184. <https://doi.org/10.1007/s00163-016-0226-3>

Yang, Y., Yuan, Y., Liu, P., et al. (2024). Crucial to me and my society: How collectivist culture influences individual pro-environmental behavior through environmental values. *Journal of Cleaner Production*, *454*, 142211. <https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2024.142211>

Zavaleta, D., Yovera, F. F., Conza, J., Rodríguez, C., Cruz Neira, A., Atkinson, R. J., & Thomas, E. (2022). *Manual de renovación de copa de cacao: Lecciones aprendidas del cacao Blanco de Piura y Chuncho de Cusco* \[Manual for cacao canopy renovation: Lessons learned from Blanco de Piura and Chuncho de Cusco cacao]. Bioversity International. <https://hdl.handle.net/10568/125646>

Zhang, X., Wang, H., He, L., et al. (2013). Using biochar for remediation of soils contaminated with heavy metals and organic pollutants. *Environmental Science and Pollution Research*, *20*(12), 8472–8483. <https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-013-1659-0>


---

# Agent Instructions
This documentation is published with GitBook. GitBook is the documentation platform designed so that both humans and AI agents can read, navigate, and reason over technical content effectively. Learn more at gitbook.com.

## Querying This Documentation
If you need additional information that is not directly available in this page, you can query the documentation dynamically by asking a question.

Perform an HTTP GET request on the current page URL with the `ask` query parameter, and the optional `goal` query parameter:

```
GET https://sexytrees.savimbo.com/references.md?ask=<question>&goal=<endgoal>
```

`ask` is the immediate question: it should be specific, self-contained, and written in natural language.
`goal` is optional and describes the broader end goal you are ultimately trying to accomplish on behalf of the user. GitBook uses it to tailor the answer towards what is most useful for that goal.

The response will contain a direct answer to the question and relevant excerpts and sources from the documentation.

Use this mechanism when the answer is not explicitly present in the current page, you need clarification or additional context, or you want to retrieve related documentation sections.